Plain-English guides to reliability, failure analysis, and maintenance systems.Systems Guides network

This glossary explains common terms used across Industrial Maintenance Systems Guides. It is intentionally plain-English and reader-focused.

MTBF

Mean time between failures, a reliability measure that must be interpreted carefully.

MTTR

Mean time to repair, a measure of how long restoration or repair usually takes.

Backlog

Approved maintenance work that has not yet been completed.

System boundary

The line used to decide what is inside the system being discussed and what is part of the surrounding environment.

Input

A resource, signal, demand, material, person, vehicle, flow, or condition that enters a system.

Output

The result a system produces, such as service, movement, treated water, delivered electricity, repaired equipment, or information.

Feedback loop

Information that returns from the system and helps operators, users, or controls adjust future action.

Capacity

The amount of work, flow, demand, or service a system can handle under stated conditions.

Bottleneck

The limiting point that controls overall flow or performance when demand rises.

Redundancy

Extra capacity, backup equipment, alternate routes, or fallback procedures that reduce reliance on a single point.

Resilience

The ability of a system to absorb disruption, keep essential functions going, recover, and learn.

Maintenance window

A planned period when assets or services may be limited so inspection, repair, updates, or replacement can occur.

Critical asset

An asset whose failure would have unusually high consequences for service, safety, cost, compliance, or recovery time.

Operating margin

The gap between normal demand and the limit where service becomes stressed or unreliable.

Interdependency

A relationship where one system depends on another, such as water systems depending on power or transport systems depending on communications.